GroveStudies Production, [6/18/2022 9:56 AM]
2A.
Extension – Meaning The word ‘extension’ is derived from the Latin roots, ‘ex’ – meaning ‘out’ and ‘tensio’ meaning ‘stretching’. Stretching out is the meaning of extension.
The term Extension originated in England in 1866 with a system of university extension which was taken up first by Cambridge and Oxford Universities.
In other words, the word “extension” signifies an out-of school system of education. Education is an integral part of extension.
GroveStudies Production, [6/18/2022 9:58 AM]
2⃣ B.
The scope of agricultural extension.
Efficiency in agricultural production.
Efficiency in marketing, distribution and utilisation.
Conservation, development and use of natural resources.
Management on the farm and in the home.
Family living.
Youth development.
Leadership development.
Community development and rural area development.
GroveStudies Production, [6/18/2022 10:03 AM]
2⃣C
Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind, and language. Such questions are often posed as problems to be studied.
Philosophy of a particular discipline would furnish the principles or guidelines with which to shape or mould the programmes or activities relating to that discipline.
The philosophy of extension work is based on the importance of an individual in the promotion of progress for rural people and for the nation.
Extension Educators should work with people to help them, develop themselves and achieve superior well-being.
The basic philosophy of extension work that is directed at conversion of the whole man determines the approach that must be adopted for its implementation.
Compulsion or even a beneficent act does not necessarily improve the man.
The only way to secure cooperation of a person for betterment is to educate him.
GroveStudies Production, [6/18/2022 10:06 AM]
2⃣ D.
The general objectives of the extension are-
To assist people to discover and analyse their problems, their felt and unfelt needs.
To develop leadership among people and help them in organising groups to solve their problems.
To keep the research workers informed of the peoples' problems from time to time, so that they may offer solutions based on necessary research.
To assist people in mobilising and utilizing the resources which they have and which they need from outside.
Eg.: To increase the a production and productivity of Paddy in India.
Educational - change the outlook of people or develop the individuals.
Social and cultural - development of the community.
GroveStudies Production, [6/18/2022 5:16 PM]
2⃣E.
Sriniketan Project (1914)
Shri Rabindra Nath Tagore wanted to develop a centre to extend his ideas on education in a rural setting.
During 1914 he established a Rural Reconstruction Institute at Sriniketan involving youth from a group of 8 villages.
It maintained a demonstration farm, a dairy and poultry unit, an outdoor clinic, a department of cottage industries and a village school.
The objectives were:
achieve all round progress,
bringing related economic development, and
give first priority to agriculture.
2️⃣F.
Grow more food campaign (1942)
This campaign, started in 1942, was continued after getting the independence.
The main object of this
campaign was to fulfil the
need of food, which
had been created due to the Second World
War. This campaign was the first one to be organized on a national
level. In this campaign,
the new seeds and chemical fertilizers were distributed among the
farmers. Agricultural departments of state governments organized this campaign.
a) Achievements
q After spending a lot of money,
some problems were tackled in the end.
q The
crop production increased
due to new seeds and chemical fertilizers provided to the farmers.
q From
this campaign, the
production of cotton and jute increased appropriately.
b) Limitations
q Its work field was limited.
q The campaign was deemed to
be temporary hence the work was done.
q The
economic help, the
distribution of good seeds and fertilizers could be available only on some places.
3️⃣🅰️.
Functions of Extension Education :-
Change in knowledge-
- means
change in what people
know.
- For
example, farmers who
did not know of a recent HYV crop came to know of it through
participation in
extension programmes.
The Extension Agents (EAs) who did not know of Information Technology (IT)
Change in skill –
- is
change in the technique
of doing things.
- The
farmers learnt the
technique of growing the HYV crop which they did not know earlier.
- The
EAs learnt the skill
of using IT.
Change in attitude –
- involves change in the
feeling or reaction
towards certain things.
- The farmers developed a favourable attitude towards the
HYV crop.
- The EAs developed a
favourable feeling about the use of IT in extension programme.
Change in understanding –
- means change in comprehension (capacity of understanding
something).
- The farmers realized the importance of the HYV crop
in their farming system and the extent to which it was economically profitable and desirable, in
comparison to the existing crop variety.
- five quintals per hectare by cultivating the HYV
crop.
- The EAs set their goal of getting an improved practice adopted by the farmers within a certain period of time by using IT.
Change in action –
- means change in
performance or doing things. The farmers who did not cultivate
the HYV crop earlier cultivated it.
- The EAs who earlier did not use IT in their
extension programmes
started using them.
Change in confidence-
- Farmers felt sure that they have the ability of raising crop yield.
- The EAs developed faith
on their ability
to do better extension work.
- The
development of confidence or self-reliance is the solid foundation for making progress.
