Semester 5
Mid 1st Test Solution
1st Mid
Test Solution
Intellectual Property
Rights
Section A
Que 1 :- What do you understand by Intellectual creations.
Ans :- Intellectual creations refers to creations of the
mind such as inventions, literacy and artistic works , design , and symbols ,
names and images used in commerce.
Intellectual property is protected in law by patents ,
copyrights, and trademarks.
Que 2 : Define the term Patent.
Ans :- A patent is a
legal document granted by a government to an inventor or assignee, giving them
the exclusive right to manufacture, use, and sell an invention for a certain
period of time, usually 20 years from the filing date.
The purpose of a patent is to protect the inventor's
intellectual property and prevent others from using or profiting from their
invention without permission.
In order to obtain a patent, the invention must be novel,
non-obvious, and useful.
Que 3 :- What is the meaning of TRIPS ?
Ans :- TRIPS stands for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual
Property Rights.
It is an international agreement administered by the World
Trade Organization (WTO) that sets out minimum standards for intellectual
property protection and enforcement that must be followed by member countries.
TRIPS covers a wide range of intellectual property rights,
including patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets. Its main goal is
to promote innovation and creativity while ensuring that intellectual property
rights are protected and enforced in a fair and effective manner.
Section B
Ques 4 :- Explain the needs and relevance of Intellectual Property Rights in promoting Research in of Agricultural Technology.
Ans :- Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) play a crucial
role in promoting research in agricultural technology by providing incentives
for innovation and creativity. The following are some of the needs and
relevance of IPRs in promoting research in agricultural technology:
1. Encouraging investment in research and development: IPRs
provide a legal framework that protects the investment made by companies and
individuals in research and development. This protection encourages companies
and individuals to invest in innovative technologies that can improve
agricultural productivity, reduce costs, and increase yields.
2. Promoting technology transfer: IPRs enable technology
transfer between developed and developing countries. This transfer of
technology can help developing countries to improve their agricultural
productivity and reduce poverty.
3. Facilitating collaboration: IPRs encourage collaboration
between researchers, universities, and private companies. This collaboration
can lead to the development of new technologies that can benefit the
agricultural sector.
4. Ensuring fair compensation: IPRs ensure that inventors
and creators of new technologies receive fair compensation for their efforts.
This compensation provides an incentive for them to continue investing in
research and development.
5. Protecting biodiversity: IPRs can protect biodiversity by
encouraging the development of new crop varieties that are resistant to pests
and diseases. This protection can help to preserve the genetic diversity of
crops, which is essential for maintaining food security.
IPRs are essential for promoting research in agricultural
technology. They provide incentives for innovation and creativity, encourage
investment in research and development, promote technology transfer, facilitate
collaboration, ensure fair compensation, and protect biodiversity.
Ques 5 :- What do you understand by General Agreement on Trade and Tariff (GATT).
Ans :- GATT) is a
multilateral agreement regulating international trade. Its purpose is the "substantial
reduction of tariffs and other trade barriers and the elimination of
preferences, on a reciprocal and mutually advantageous basis.
OR
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was a
multilateral agreement that aimed to reduce trade barriers between
participating countries.
It was created in 1947 and operated until 1995 when it was
replaced by the World Trade Organization (WTO).
GATT's main objective was to promote free trade by
eliminating tariffs, quotas, and other trade barriers. It also aimed to provide
a framework for negotiating trade agreements and resolving disputes between
member countries. GATT played a significant role in promoting global economic
growth and development by facilitating international trade.
Ques 6 :- Explain the various types of Intellectual Property Rights with relevant examples.
Ans :- Intellectual
Property Rights (IPRs) refer to the legal rights that protect the creations of
the human mind. These rights are designed to encourage innovation and
creativity by providing creators with exclusive rights over their works. The
main types of IPRs are:
1. Patents - Patents provide inventors with exclusive rights
to their inventions for a limited period of time. This includes the right to
manufacture, sell, and license the invention. Examples of patented inventions
include pharmaceutical drugs, new technologies, and industrial processes.
2. Copyrights - Copyrights protect original works of
authorship, such as books, music, and software. Copyright owners have the
exclusive right to reproduce, distribute, and display their works. Copyrights
last for the lifetime of the creator plus a certain number of years after their
death.
3. Trademarks - Trademarks are symbols, logos, or names that
identify goods or services and distinguish them from those of other companies.
Trademark owners have the exclusive right to use their marks in commerce.
Examples of trademarks include Nike's swoosh symbol and Coca-Cola's logo.
4. Trade Secrets - Trade secrets are confidential
information that give businesses a competitive advantage. This can include
formulas, processes, or customer lists. Trade secret owners have the right to
prevent others from using or disclosing their secrets.
5. Industrial Designs - Industrial designs protect the
visual appearance of a product, such as its shape, pattern, or color.
Industrial design owners have the exclusive right to use their designs in
commerce. Examples of industrial designs include the shape of a car or the
design of a smartphone.
Ques 7 :- Paris Convention is the one of the first step in creating a base for enforcement of intellectual property rights. Analyze the above statement.
Ans :- The statement is accurate. The Paris Convention for
the Protection of Industrial Property, signed in 1883, was one of the first
international agreements to establish a framework for the protection and
enforcement of intellectual property rights.
It established basic principles such as national treatment,
priority rights, and the obligation to provide effective legal remedies for
infringement. The Convention has since been revised and updated several times
and has become a cornerstone of the international intellectual property system.
Its provisions have been incorporated into many national
laws, and it has served as a model for other international agreements on
intellectual property. Therefore, the Paris Convention played a crucial role in
creating a base for the enforcement of intellectual property rights.
