AGRI Grovestudies
Section A
1a. 22, December (Kishan Diwas)
1b. 2016 ( International Year of Pulse)
1c. Botanical Name of Berseem :- Trifolium alexandrinum
Oat Crop - Avena Sativa
1d. Botanical name of
Castor - Ricinus communis
French bean - Phaseolus vulgaris
Foxtail millet - Setaria italica
finger millet - Eleusine coracana
1e. Family -
Chia Seed - mint family (Lamiaceae )
Buck wheat - Polygonaceae
Quinoa - Amranthaceae
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section B
2a. The Silver Revolution and Parbhani Revolution are two separate events in Indian agricultural history that are not directly related.
The Silver Revolution refers to the period of rapid growth in India's egg and poultry industry that occurred in the 1970s and 1980s, largely due to the efforts of Dr. B.V. Rao and his team at the Hyderabad-based National Egg Coordination Committee. This revolution led to India becoming one of the world's largest egg producers and exporters.
The Parbhani Revolution, on the other hand, was a movement that took place in the 1980s in the Maharashtra state of India, led by farmer leader Sharad Joshi. The movement aimed to bring attention to the struggles faced by small and marginal farmers in India and push for agricultural reforms.
The harvest index is a measure used in agriculture to quantify the efficiency of a crop in converting photosynthetically fixed carbon into harvestable yield. The formula for harvest index is:
Harvest Index = Harvested Product Weight / Total Crop Weight
This ratio represents the proportion of the total plant biomass that is converted into the harvested product. A higher harvest index indicates that a crop is more efficient in producing a larger yield with less input.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2b. Anemometer and photometer are two important tools used in agriculture for measuring different environmental factors. Here are some of their uses in agriculture:
Anemometer:
An anemometer is a device used to measure the speed and direction of the wind. In agriculture, anemometers are commonly used to measure wind speed and direction in order to calculate evapotranspiration rates, assess the potential for crop damage from wind, and monitor the performance of wind turbines used for irrigation or energy production.
Some of the specific uses of anemometers in agriculture include:
Assessing the impact of wind on crop growth and development, especially for wind-sensitive crops like fruits and vegetables.
Measuring wind speed and direction to optimize the placement and performance of windbreaks, which are used to protect crops from wind damage.
Monitoring wind speed to ensure the safe and effective application of agricultural chemicals, such as pesticides and fertilizers.
Assessing the potential for wind erosion and soil degradation, which can have significant impacts on crop productivity.
Photometer:
A photometer is a device used to measure the intensity of light, typically in a specific wavelength range. In agriculture, photometers are commonly used to measure the intensity of light for crop growth and development, and to monitor the performance of artificial lighting systems used in indoor or greenhouse agriculture.
Some of the specific uses of photometers in agriculture include:
Measuring the intensity of light to determine the optimal placement and use of artificial lighting systems, which are commonly used in indoor and greenhouse agriculture to extend the growing season and improve crop yields.
Monitoring the intensity of light for crop growth and development, which is essential for optimizing photosynthesis and maximizing crop yields.
Assessing the potential for light stress or damage to crops, which can occur in high-intensity or prolonged light exposure conditions.
Evaluating the quality of agricultural products, such as fruits and vegetables, by measuring the intensity of light reflected or transmitted through the product.
2c.
Here are two examples of crops from each of the five plant families:
Malvaceae:
Cotton - a major fiber crop grown worldwide for its soft, fluffy fibers that are used to make textiles and clothing.
Okra - a vegetable crop commonly grown in warm, tropical climates for its edible seed pods that are used in stews, soups, and other dishes.
Asteraceae:
Lettuce - a popular leafy vegetable crop grown worldwide for its tender leaves that are used in salads and sandwiches.
Sunflower - an important oilseed crop that is grown for its large, attractive flowers and nutritious seeds, which are used for food, oil, and bird feed.
Cruciferae (Brassicaceae):
Mustard - a group of condiment crops grown for their pungent seeds and leaves, which are used in a variety of culinary applications.
Broccoli - a nutritious vegetable crop that is rich in vitamins and minerals, and is commonly consumed cooked or raw.
Fabaceae:
Soybean - a major oilseed crop and source of protein for both human and animal consumption, grown worldwide for its nutritious seeds.
Peanuts - a legume crop grown for its nutritious seeds, which are used for food, oil, and other industrial applications.
Tiliaceae:
Jute - a fiber crop grown in tropical regions for its strong, coarse fibers, which are used to make burlap, twine, and other products.
Linden - a tree crop grown for its fragrant flowers and medicinal properties, and is used in a variety of herbal remedies and teas.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2d. The toxicity of
groundnut - Alfatoxin
cotton - Gossypol
oat - NO2
lucerne - Saponin
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2e. Mutent variety of crops -
Wheat - Sarbati , Sonara
cotton - MCU - 7 , MCU - 10
pigeon pea - Tombey , Vishakha
pea - Hans
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2f. Basis of Concept Golden Rice:
Golden Rice is a genetically modified variety of rice that has been developed to address vitamin A deficiency in developing countries. The rice contains genes from daffodil and a soil bacterium that enable it to produce beta-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A. This technology has the potential to provide a low-cost, sustainable solution to vitamin A deficiency, which affects millions of people, particularly children, in developing countries.
Basis of Concept Hybrid Rice:
Hybrid rice is a type of rice that is created by crossbreeding two different varieties of rice with different characteristics. The resulting hybrid plants have improved traits, such as higher yield, better disease resistance, and tolerance to environmental stressors. Hybrid rice has revolutionized rice cultivation in many parts of the world and has contributed significantly to global food security.
Catch Crop:
A catch crop is a type of crop that is grown between the main crops to maximize land use and improve soil health. Catch crops are typically fast-growing, shallow-rooted crops that can be planted and harvested quickly. They help to prevent soil erosion, reduce nutrient leaching, and suppress weed growth. Catch crops can also be used to provide forage for livestock or as green manure to enrich the soil.
Cover Crop:
A cover crop is a type of crop that is grown primarily to protect and improve soil health. Cover crops are typically planted after the main crop is harvested and left to grow over the fallow period. They help to prevent soil erosion, improve soil structure, and increase soil fertility. Cover crops can also be used to suppress weed growth, provide forage for livestock, and promote beneficial insects and other organisms. Examples of cover crops include clover, rye, and oats.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
