AGRI Grovestudies
Section A
2c. The oldest oilseed is believed to be the sesame seed, which has been cultivated for over 3,000 years. The oldest pulse is believed to be the lentil, which has been cultivated for over 8,000 years.
2d. 1. IR64: IR64 is a mutant variety of rice that was developed by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in the Philippines. It is a high-yielding variety that is resistant to many diseases and pests. The mutant variety was created by exposing the original variety to gamma radiation, which induced mutations in its DNA. This resulted in a plant that was more productive and had better resistance to pests and diseases.
2. Pusa Basmati-1: Pusa Basmati-1 is a mutant variety of basmati rice that was developed by the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) in New Delhi. It is a high-yielding variety that has a longer grain and better aroma than other basmati varieties. The mutant variety was created by exposing the original variety to gamma radiation, which induced mutations in its DNA. This resulted in a plant that was more productive and had better quality characteristics than the original variety.
2e. Weed management refers to the practices and techniques used to control the growth and spread of unwanted plants (weeds) in agricultural fields, gardens, and other areas. Effective weed management is important for maintaining crop yields and quality, as weeds can compete with crops for nutrients, water, and sunlight, and can also harbor pests and diseases.
There are several methods of weed management, including mechanical (such as hoeing and hand weeding), cultural (such as crop rotation and cover cropping), biological (such as using natural enemies of weeds), and chemical (such as herbicide application). The choice of method depends on factors such as the type of crop, the severity of the weed infestation, and environmental considerations.
Integrated weed management (IWM) is a holistic approach that combines different methods of weed control to achieve optimal results while minimizing negative impacts on the environment. IWM involves careful planning and monitoring of weed populations, as well as the use of appropriate techniques at different stages of crop growth.
2f. Sowing is the process of planting seeds in the soil to grow crops. There are several methods of sowing, which are used depending on the type of crop, soil type, climate, and other factors. Some of the common methods of sowing are:
Broadcasting: In this method, the seeds are scattered evenly over the soil surface by hand or using a machine. This method is commonly used for crops such as wheat, barley, and oats.
Dibbling: In this method, small holes are made in the soil using a pointed stick or dibber, and the seeds are placed in the holes. This method is commonly used for crops such as vegetables, flowers, and small seeds.
Drilling: In this method, seeds are sown in rows using a machine called a seed drill. The seed drill creates furrows in the soil and drops the seeds into them at a specific depth and spacing. This method is commonly used for crops such as maize, soybean, and cotton.
Transplanting: In this method, seedlings that have been raised in a nursery are transplanted into the field. This method is commonly used for crops such as rice, tomato, and cabbage.
Hill dropping: In this method, seeds are dropped in small groups or "hills" at specific intervals. This method is commonly used for crops such as beans, peas, and squash.
Section C Click to read more
