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| Plant ☘️ Breeding |
Plant po Breeding notes
by AGRI Grovestudies
What is Plant Breeding?
ð
Plant breeding is an art and science, which tells
s ways and means to change the genetic architecture of plants a particular objective.
ð
Plant breeding can be accomplished through many
different techniques ranging from simply selecting plants with desirable
characteristics for propogation.
ð
International development agencies believe that
breeding new crops is important for ensuring food security by developing new
varieties that are higher- yielding, pest resistance and disease, drought
resistance or adapted to different environment and growing conditions.
Objectives of Plant Breeding /-
ð Crop improvement
ð Improved
agronomic characters
ð Resistance
against and biotic stress
· Increased yield /- majority of breeding aims at
increased yield. This is achieved by developing more efficient genotypes.
· Elimination of toxic substance like HCN
content in Jowar plant.
· Resistance against Biotic and Abiotic stress
/-
Biotic stress - Evolving pests and disease resistant varieties
there by reducing cost of cultivation, and env. pollution and saving beneficial
insects.
Abiotic Stress – it is location specific
problem. Soil factors and edaphic factors some times poses severe problems. Breeding
resistant varieties is the easy way to combat abiotic stress.
· Change in maturity – early maturity
varieties.
· Improved Agronomic characters- Production
of more tillers. Eg rice , Bjara.
· Reduce plant height to prevent lodging - rice.
Scope of Plant Breeding /-
Since the cultivation of land is
shrinking and there is no scope for increasing the area under cultivation, the
only solution is to required the increasing crop yield through the genetic
variation improvement of crop plants.
There are two ways which is
possible. –
ð Enhancing the productivity of crop-
This can be done by proper management of soil
and crops involving suitable agronomic practices.
By using higher potential crop varieties created
by genetic manipulation of crop plants.
ð Stabilizing the productivity achieved –
This done by using crop varieties that are
more adaptation for specific crop zones to off set the ill effects and others.
