1a, Precision agriculture can be defined as the application of principles and technologies to manage spatial and temporal variability associated with all aspects of agricultural production for the purpose of improving crop performance and environmental quality (Pierce and Nowak, 1999).
1b. Geoinformatics is defined as the combination of technology and science dealing by means of the spatial information, its acquisition, its qualification and classification, its processing, storage and dissemination.
It is an integral tool to collect process and generate information from spatial annon spatial data.
Geoinformatics is an appropriate blending of modules like remote sensing, global positioning system, geographical information system and relational database management system.
1c. RADAR helps in monitoring the yield concentrating on seasonal change between the crops and numerous variables which are considered in making simplest determinations.
SECTION - B
2a. Precision farming is a modern approach to agriculture that uses information technology to help farmers optimize their inputs and outputs.
Precision farming can have various advantages, such as:
- Reduced costs: Precision farming can help farmers save money by using less fertilizer, herbicide, and seed in areas where they are not needed or effective. ¹
- Increased profitability: Precision farming can help farmers increase their income by improving crop quality and yield, as well as reducing losses due to pests, diseases, and environmental factors. ²
- Better sustainability: Precision farming can help farmers reduce their environmental impact by minimizing nutrient runoff, soil erosion, greenhouse gas emissions, and water consumption. ³
- Informed decision-making: Precision farming can help farmers make better decisions based on real-time data and analysis of their fields and crops. ⁴
- Enhanced food security: Precision farming can help farmers meet the growing demand for food by increasing productivity and efficiency, as well as adapting to changing climate and market conditions.
2b. Precision farming is a modern approach to agriculture that uses information technology to help farmers optimize their inputs and outputs. To evaluate precision farming, one can use various methods and indicators, such as:
- Cost-benefit analysis: This method compares the costs and benefits of adopting precision farming technologies and practices, such as variable rate application, yield monitoring, soil mapping, etc. The benefits can include increased yield, quality, profitability, and sustainability, while the costs can include investment, maintenance, training, and data management.
- Environmental impact assessment: This method measures the environmental effects of precision farming, such as nutrient runoff, soil erosion, greenhouse gas emissions, and water consumption. The environmental impact can be quantified using indicators such as nitrogen use efficiency, carbon footprint, water footprint, etc.
- Social impact assessment: This method evaluates the social implications of precision farming, such as labor availability, farmer knowledge, consumer preferences, and rural development. The social impact can be assessed using indicators such as employment, education, income, and food security.
2c. Crop discrimination is the process of identifying and distinguishing different types of crops or vegetation cover within a field using remote sensing data. Remote sensing data can be obtained from various sources, such as satellites, aircraft, drones, or ground-based sensors. Crop discrimination can help farmers monitor their crops, estimate their yields, and optimize their inputs. Crop discrimination can also help researchers, policymakers, and consumers to understand the spatial distribution, production, and consumption of crops.
2d. Soil mapping is the process of locating and identifying the different types of soils that occur in a given area, and showing their spatial distribution on a map. Soil mapping can help farmers, researchers, policymakers, and consumers to understand the soil characteristics, properties, and potential uses of different land areas. Soil mapping can be done at different scales and levels of detail, depending on the purpose and data availability.
SECTION C
3a.
